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| 27.1 |
副詞子句--附屬連接詞所引導的子句。 |
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| 語意 |
常考的附屬連接詞 |
例句 |
| 當 |
when, while, as |
I saw Mary today as/while/when she was getting off the bus. |
| 因為 |
because, as, since |
Because/Since/As she is sickly, she seldom goes on tours. |
| 既然 |
since, now that |
Since/Now that we are all here, let's discuss what to do next. |
| 雖然 |
although, though, while, as |
1. Although/Though/While she just helps part-time here, she is busy.
2. Short as/though the trip is, it'll be lots of fun. |
| 然而 |
while, whereas |
1. I like opera whereas my sister prefers ballet.
2. Their car has few problems while ours has a lot. |
| 彷彿 |
as if, as though |
The famous star behaves as if/though she were an ordinary girl. |
| 即使 |
even if, even though |
1. I wouldn't speed even if there were light traffic.
2. There are still passengers getting in even though the bus is full. |
| 除非 |
unless, if…not |
We'll have to get some takeout food from the restaurant,
unless Mom cooks (=if Mom does not cook). |
| 一旦 |
once |
Once the hoax is debunked, people will stop stocking up on groceries. |
| 只要 |
as/so long as |
The elevator will re-open as long as it senses something being stuck. |
一…，
就… |
as soon as, the moment/minute |
As soon as/The instant/The moment/The minute/Immediately/ Instantly I get spam emails,
I delete them without reading them. |
不管/
不論 |
no matter+wh-詞, wh…-ever |
1. No matter what/Whatever comes, I'll always stand up for you.
2. No matter where/Wherever you go, I'll miss you. |
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| 註：副詞子句禁用未來式will請參閱Unit 3.1；wh…-ever「名詞子句」用法請參閱Unit 26.3。 |
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一
詞
多
義
重
點
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as
(比較用法--Unit 17.)
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| 1. |
當…時：The audience clapped heartily as the speaker entered.
隨著：As the contest approaches, I'm getting more and more stressed.
當…時/當/以…身分：He used to see lots of movies as a college student. |
2. 因為：The traffic is blocked as there is a five-car pile-up ahead.
3. 如同：We can't expect other people to think as we do.
4. 雖然：Cold as it is, there are many people going for snow-watching. |
while
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1. 雖然：While your parents didn't mind it, I still think you went too far.
2. (然)而：His daughter does well in studies, while his son does poorly. |
since
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1. 因為/既然：Since you can't help me, I will turn to someone else.
2. 自從：The factory has been closed down since it had financial difficulty. |
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| 27.2 |
形容詞子句—關係子句 |
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| 1. |
關係代名詞的形式（格位） |
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主
格
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who人
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The teacher will award the child who/that runs the fastest. |
which事物
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The flowers which/that bloom at night appeal to me in particular. |
受
格
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who(m) 人
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Jean seems to be the witness who(m)/that the police have been looking for. |
which事物
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The town which/that this road leads to is only one mile away. |
所
有
格
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whose人
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The speaker, whose voice was flat, made a dull speech. |
whose
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事
物
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The outfit, whose label says 30% off, looks gorgeous. (whose較正式) |
of which
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The outfit, the label of which says 30% off, looks gorgeous. |
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註：關代詞之格位，由「關係子句」決定（當子句之主詞、受詞或所有格），不受先行詞格位影響。 |
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| 2. |
關係代名詞與不定數量詞 (關係代名詞當連接詞 vs 對等子句連接詞and) |
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| 不定數量詞/不定代名詞 + of + 關係子句(關代詞受格) |
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例句：There are dozens of TV channels. Most of the channels run 24 hours a day. |
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1) 使用「關係代名詞」當子句連接詞：
→ There are dozens of TV channels, most of which/them run 24 hours a day.
2) 使用「對等連接詞-and」連接子句：
→ There are dozens of TV channels, and most of which/them run 24 hours a day. |
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| 3. |
關係副詞 |
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where地點
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My own room, where (=in which) I study and sleep, is my favorite retreat. |
when時間
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The night when (=during which) a burglar invaded has been on my mind ever since. |
why原因
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We didn't understand the reason why (=for which) she didn't qualify for the team. |
how方法
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People were impressed with the way that (=in which) he faced his difficulty.
People were impressed with how he faced his difficulty. |
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| 註： |
1). |
大多使用that-關代詞取代who/which的用法如下： |
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| a) |
含有最高級，序數first、last等，或表唯一only 等字詞之句子（實際上亦常用who, which）。 |
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例：I wasn't the first one that/who began to spread the rumor. |
| b) |
先行詞是不定代名詞：如all, anything, everything, nothing, little, much 等。 |
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例：Anything that you say will hurt her. |
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2). |
關代詞的省略： |
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| a) |
關代詞是受詞時，可省略。
例：The waiters cleaned off the litter (which) their customers left. |
| b) |
關代詞是主詞時，不可隨意省略，若欲省略 → 關係子句需改為分詞片語！ (詳見Unit 10.) |
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例：We are watching a romantic comedy, which stars Tom Cruise.
= We are watching a romantic comedy, which starring Tom Cruise. |
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3). |
關代詞 that 前禁用 (a) 介系詞 (b) 非限定用法逗號。 |
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例：Don't stain the bed, (on) that/which I just put clean sheets (on). |
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| 27.3 |
名詞子句 |
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| 1. |
that-名詞子句 (表陳述事件) |
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當主詞
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That he failed the test disappoints us. |
當補語
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It disappoints us that he failed the test. (後移的真主詞) |
當受詞
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We can't believe that he failed the test. |
當同位語
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The fact that he failed the test disappoints us. |
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| 2. |
wh-名詞子句 (表疑問之間接問句) --注意子句內【主詞 + 動詞】的詞序。 |
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當主詞
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Whether/When she will agree/When will she agree depends on our offer. |
當補語
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It depends on our offer whether/when she will agree. (後移的真主詞) |
當受詞
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We can't tell whether/when she will agree. |
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| 3. |
複合關代詞 what |
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例1. We are very grateful for all [ (that) you did ].
= We are very grateful for what you did. (所…的)
例2. Something [ that worries me ] is how we're going to pay for all this.
= What worries me is how we're going to pay for all this. (…的是…) |
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| 4. |
準複合關代詞 whoever、whichever、whatever |
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| whoever = anyone who; whichever = any... which/that; whatever = anything/all that |
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例：Whoever (=Anyone who)/No matter who fails the test will have no placement in college. |
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註：「no matter wh-詞」乃副詞用法，不適用於名詞位置--如主詞、受詞等。 |
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| 27.4 |
對等子句—須以for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (記成fanboys), 或than對等連接詞連接。 |
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yet (然而)
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He is a funny boy, (and/but) yet you can't help liking him. |
for
(因為--表解釋)
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We must rid ourselves of carelessness, for it leads to errors.
(Because/For carelessness leads to errors, we must rid ourselves of it.) |
(也不/沒…)
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She takes no interest in it, (and) nor does she intend to try. |
| but (但是) |
Although They trailed by 10 points, but the fans still cheered passionately. |
so (所以)
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Because There was nobody about, so I went in. |
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| 註： |
1). |
獨立句中，於句首位置的 and, or, but, so, for 乃轉承詞。 |
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例：I always have my breakfast in the late morning. Or it's brunch actually. |
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2). |
似非而是的獨立句— |
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3). |
| a) |
No/Little/Small wonder (that) + 子句 → 源自於 It is no/little/small wonder that-子句。 |
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例：It's no wonder that/No wonder he spoke so much of you. (難怪) |
| b) |
If only + 子句。例：If only it were that simple! (但願真是…/要是…就好) |
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下載 Unit 27.1 同步演練
